A leader is needed

The German people are constantly calling for a leader who will free them from their intolerable situation. If a man now comes along who has proven that he has no inhibitions, and who is determined to harness the spirit of generations of soldiers and put it to work in a peaceful struggle for liberation, then this man must be followed without fail[1]
~ Carl Duisberg [German chemist, 1861-1935], 1931.

In the early 1930s, the NSDAP [National Socialist German Workers’ Party] became the dominant political force, with the result that even in industrial circles, the possibility of Adolf Hitler [1889–1945] entering government was increasingly being considered.

The centre-right parties, with the exception of the Centre Party, became increasingly politically insignificant – despite receiving funding from the business community – and only the SPD [Social Democratic Party of Germany] and the KPD [Communist Party of Germany] remained of particular relevance.

As Hitler’s attacks on companies with significant Jewish ownership intensified in 1931, I.G. Farben became a prime target of the Nazis [short for: National Socialists]. The company management reacted with dismay to all attacks of this kind and attempted, through Heinrich Gattineau [1905–1985] – the press officer of Carl Dusiberg[1], who [from late 1933] was an SA Standartenführer[2] and had excellent connections with the Nazis – to bring the attacks to an end. Gattineau was successful and was sent by Carl Bosch [1874–1940] to the I.G.’s press centre in Berlin, which was strategically better situated for contacts with the Nazis.

The time had come to make contact with Hitler and to sound out his commitment to the oil synthesis project [...] – they wanted to know where they stood should Hitler become Chancellor.
~ Carl Bosch [German chemist]

At I.G. Farben, it was recognized that only a fundamental change in the political sphere could bring the “rebellious radical masses”[3][TAMMEN1978] back under control. Driven by their latent anti-communist and anti-worker—in the sense of an organized workforce—attitude, they saw this regaining of control not least as an opportunity for economic advancement.[4][SCHNECKENBURGER1988]

In February 1933, three weeks after the Nazis came to power [following Hitler’s appointment as Reich Chancellor on January 30, 1933] and immediately before the Reichstag election [on March 5, 1933], the I.G. donated 400,000 RM [Reichsmark] to the new “Führer” for the first time, “so that it might be the last election.”[5][KÖHLER1990]

In October 1933, Hitler welcomed Hermann Schmitz [1881–1960], who would later become chairman of the board of I.G. Farben, at the groundbreaking ceremony for the House of German Art in Munich.


Notes

[1] According to the accompanying booklet, this quote was cited from [TAMMEN1978], p. 392, and from [SCHNECKENBURGER1988], p. 52. It originally comes from the text: “On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Düsseldorf Chamber of Industry and Commerce on June 23, 1931, in Benrath,” which appeared in: Duisberg, C.: Essays, Lectures, and Speeches from the Years 1922–1933; Berlin, 1933.

[1] Heinrich Gattineau served as Carl Duisberg’s personal assistant at I.G. Farben beginning in January 1928. Starting in 1931, he headed the trade policy department as well as the company’s press office. Contrary to the poster’s report, Gattineau was not Duisberg’s personal press officer, but rather his general assistant; however, he was the press officer for I.G. See also: Mattke, Christian: Albert Oeckl—His Life and Work in German Public Relations (Organizational Communication); VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, 2006, ISBN: 978-3-531-14989-9.

[2] SA = Sturmabteilung, the NSDAP’s paramilitary combat organization; Standartenführer = equivalent to today’s colonel.

[3] Here, the quotation marks suggest that this is a direct quote from individuals associated with IG Farben. However, neither edition of the accompanying booklet cites any direct contemporary quotation. Instead, there is a reference (in the first edition of the accompanying booklet via “cf.”) to Helmuth Tammen’s 1978 dissertation, pp. 287ff; see below [TAMMEN1978].

[4] This is an indirect reference (in the first edition of the accompanying booklet, indicated by “see”) to Arthur Schneckenburger's 1988 book; see below [Schneckenburger1988].

[5] This gives the impression that the quote comes directly from members of the IG. However, it is actually a quote from the author Otto Köhler; see below [Köhler1986].

 


References

Die Literaturverweise sind dem Begleitheft/Reader entnommen, auf dem die Texte der Plakate beruhen.

[KÖHLER1986] Köhler, Otto: ... und heute die ganze Welt. Die Geschichte der I.G. Farben und ihrer Väter; Rasch und Röhrig Verlag, Hamburg, Zürich, 1986, ISBN 3-89438-010-1, S. 221.

[SCHNECKENBURGER1988] Schneckenburger, Arthur: Die Geschichte des I.G. Farben-Konzerns; Bedeutung und Rolle eines Großunternehmens. Köln : Pahl-Rugenstein, 1988 – ISBN 3-7609-5242-9, S. 53.

[TAMMEN1978] Tammen, Helmuth: Die I.G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft (1925-1933); ein Chemiekonzern in der Weimarer Republik; Berlin, Eigenverlag Helmuth Tammen, 1978.

 

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