Away with the 8-hour day

Due to the labour shortage during the war, chemical workers had managed to secure a number of improvements to their working conditions prior to 1918. Now, however, most companies were reducing their workforces back to roughly pre-war levels and gradually rolling back many of these improvements.

In order to keep profits as high as possible during a period of economic crisis – which is precisely the situation in post-war Germany – working conditions were tightened wherever it seemed feasible.[1] This policy was probably the main cause of one of the greatest industrial disasters in history – the Oppau explosion.

On 21 September 1921, a massive explosion occurred at the BASF plant [Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik] in Oppau [now a district of Ludwigshafen am Rhein]. It is believed that a compound fertiliser made from ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate had become explosive[2] as a result of a new, cheaper but unsuitable production process.

In order to be able to sell the rock-hard mass – totalling over 4,000 tonnes – it was to be blasted using detonators to make it suitable for loading. Furthermore, the blasting technicians tasked with this dangerous work were put under pressure by a piece-rate system, which led them to disregard safety regulations.

565 people lost their lives inside and outside the factory; more than 2,000 were injured and over 7,000 were left homeless.

Even after that, the erosion of hard-won workers’ rights continued. On 3 March 1924, the abolition of the eight-hour working day saw the final of these improvements at BASF swept away. The workers’ protests could only be quelled with the help of the French occupying forces.

Incidentally, the trade union leaders who were also taking part in the peace negotiations at Versailles had, among other things, proposed the nationalisation of large-scale industry. BASF CEO Carl Bosch [1874–1940], who represented the new government on economic matters, promised the trade unionists seats on the board of directors of a new nitrogen producers’ syndicate instead ...

 


Notes

[1] Polemic.

[2] Does this mean “explosive” or “problematic”?


 

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