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2024

Insights into self-discharge processes of Al-graphite batteries
M. Bamberg, F. Fuhrmann, M. Eckert, G. Frisch, U. Wunderwald, F. Jach
Electrochimica Acta 144198 (2024) read online

Role of Oxidants in Metal Extraction from Sulfide Minerals in a Deep Eutectic Solvent
E. Bidari, Ch. W. Winardhi, J. R. da Assuncao Godinho, G. Frisch
ACS Omega 9 (12)  14592–14603 (2024) read online (open access)

Comment to the article "A crucial incorrect understanding in the traditional solution theory" from Zhong-Hua Yang and Kun-Peng Yang (J. Molecular Liq. 310 (2020) 112379)
W. Voigt
J. Molecular Liq. 398 124202 (2024) read online

Electrochemical and structural characterization of recombinant respiratory proteins of the acidophilic iron oxidizer Ferrovum sp. PN-J47-F6 suggests adaptions to the acidic pH at protein level
 S. R. Ullrich, H. Fuchs, Ch. Ashworth-Güth
Front. Microbiol. Sec. Extreme Microbiology 15  (2024) read online (open access)

 

2023

Aqueous polyelectrolyte electrodeposition: The effects of alkyl substitution and varying supporting electrolyte concentrations on the deposition efficiency
S. Gersdorf, V. Schildknecht, E. Schumann, S. Seidel, B. Torger, Qu. Prasser, N. Frenzel, A. Lißner, J. Heitmann, F. Mertens, G. Frisch, F. Plamper
ChemElectroChem 10 e202300217 (2023)  read online (open access)

Solid–liquid equilibria of Sorel phases and Mg(OH)2 in the system Na–Mg–Cl–OH–H2O. Part II: Pitzer modeling 
D. Freyer, M. Pannach, W. Voigt,
Frontiers in Nuclear Engineering 2:1236544 (2023) read online (open access)

Solubility of anhydrite and gypsum at temperatures below 100°C and the gypsum-anhydrite transition temperature in aqueous solutions: a re-assessment 
W. Voigt, D. Freyer
Frontiers in Nuclear Engineering 2:1208582 (2023) read online (open access)

Solid-liquid equilibria of Sorel phases and Mg(OH)2 in the system Na–Mg–Cl–OH–H2O. Part I: experimental determination of OH and H+ equilibrium concentrations and solubility constants at 25°C, 40°C, and 60°C 
M. Pannach, I. Paschke, V. Metz, M. Altmaier, W. Voigt, D. Freyer
Frontiers in Nuclear Engineering 2:1188789 (2023) read online (open access)

Solubility equilibria in the ternary systems Rb2SO4 – CaSO4 – H2O and Cs2SO4 – CaSO4 – H2O at ambient temperature, and the crystal structure of rubidium syngenite 
D. Freyer, G. Losch, M. Pannach, J. Sohr 
Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 154 755-764 (2023) read online (open access)

 

2022

Symmetry relationships between the crystal structures of chalcopyrite and its derivatives - a systematic approach to inform XRD analysis of Cu-Fe-S phases 
N. Frenzel, G. Frisch 
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 648(10), e202200148 (2022) read online (open access)

A particle-based approach to predict the success and selectivity of leaching processes using ethaline - Comparison of simulated and experimental results 
Ch. Widyananda Winardhia, J. R. da Assuncao Godinho, C. Rachmawati, I. Duhamel Achin, A. Unzurrunzaga Iturbe, G. Frisch, J. Gutzmer 
Hydrometallurgy, 105869 (2022) read online (open access)

 

2021

Neue Ergebnisse des Großmaßstabversuches mit Magnesiabaustoff der Rezeptur C3
J. Aurich, M. Gruner, U. Glaubach, D. Freyer, I. Paschke, T. Popp, W. Kudla 
Bergbau 7, 308-316 (2021)

LiNa3(SO4)2·6H2O: a lithium double salt causing trouble in the industrial conversion of Li2SO4 into LiOH 
H. Schmidt, I. Paschke, W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section E: Crystallographic Communications 77(9), 924-929 (2021) read online (open access)

A low‐cost Al‐graphite battery with urea and acetamide‐based electrolytes 
F. Jach, M. Wassner, M. Bamberg, E. Brendler, G. Frisch, U. Wunderwald, J. Friedrich
ChemElectroChem 8(11), 1988-1992 (2021) read online (open access)

Synthesis and stability of single-phase chalcopyrite – a potential reference material for key investigations in chemistry and metallurgical engineering 
N. Frenzel, M. Mehne, S. Bette, S. Kureti, G. Frisch
RSC Advances 11, 3153-3161 (2021) read online (open access)

 

2020

Temperature extension of NaCl Pitzer coefficients and ∆RG°(NaCl)
W. Voigt
THEREDA-Journal 01(01) 1-6 (2020) read online (open access)
 

Hexary System of Oceanic Salts – Polythermal Pitzer Dataset (numerical supplement)
W. Voigt
THEREDA-Journal 01(02) 1-9 (2020) read online (open access)

Investigating the dissolution of iron sulfide and arsenide minerals in deep eutectic solvents 
J. M. Hartley, A. Z. M. Al-Bassam, R. C. Harris, G. Frisch, G. R. T. Jenkin, A. P. Abbott
Hydrometallurgy 198, 10551 (2020) read online

Crystal structure and characterization of magnesium carbonate chloride hepta­hydrate 
C. Rincke, H. Schmidt, G. Buth, W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry 76(8), 741-745 (2020) read online

Crystallization of metastable monoclinic carnallite, KCl·MgCl2·6H2O: missing structural link in the carnallite family 
M. Pannach, I. Paschke, H. Schmidt, D. Freyer, W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry 76(5), 507-512 (2020) read online

Dicaesium tetra­magnesium penta­kis­(carbonate) deca­hydrate, Cs2Mg4(CO3)5·10H2O 
C. Rincke, H. Schmidt, W. Voigt
IUCrData 5(2), x200165 (2020) read online

A new hydrate of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3·6H2O 
C. Rincke, H. Schmidt, W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry 76(3), 244-249 (2020) read online

 

2019

Direct extraction of copper from copper sulfide minerals using deep eutectic solvents 
S. Anggara, F. Bevan, R. C. Harris, J. M. Hartley, G. Frisch, G. R. T. Jenkin, A. P. Abbott
Green Chemistry 21(23), 6502-6512 (2019) read online

Quantifying indium with ion chromatography in hydro‐ and biohydrometallurgical leaching solutions 
Ch. Ashworth, Ch. Weller, G. Frisch
Journal of Separation Science 42(15), 2517-2522 (2019) read online

Calcium Hydroxide Chlorides: The Ternary System Ca(OH)2‐CaCl2‐H2O at 25, 40, and 60 °C, Phase Stoichiometry and Crystal Structure 
F. Häusler, H. Schmidt, D. Freyer 
Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry, 645(10), 723-731 (2019) read online

Leaching and selective extraction of indium and tin from zinc flue dust using an oxalic acid-based deep eutectic solvent
P. Zürner, G. Frisch
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7(5), 5300-5308 (2019) read online

 

2018

Higher hydrates of lithium chloride, lithium bromide and lithium iodide
J. Sohr, H. Schmidt, W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry 74(2), 194-202 (2018) read online 

 

2017

Magnesia building material (sorel cement) - from basics to application
In Cementitious materials. Composition, properties, application, H. Pöllmann, 311-331 
D. Freyer
(deGruyter, 2017) read online

Impact of a Ni2+-influx on formation, stability, solubility and crystal structures of the magnesia cement phases 3-1-8 and 5-1-8 at 25°C
S. Bette, R. E. Dinnebier and D. Freyer
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 5, 5481-5492 (2017) read online 

Oceanic salts - which do we know? [Ozeanische Salze - welche kennen wir?]
W. Voigt
Journal of Salt History 13/14, 191-208 (2017) 

Voltammetric and spectroscopic study of ferrocene and hexacyanoferrate and the suitability of their redox couples as internal standards in ionic liquids
N. Frenzel, J. Hartley and G. Frisch
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, 28841-28852 (2017) read online 

Complexation Equilibria of Indium in Aqueous Chloride, Sulfate and Nitrate Solutions: An Electrochemical Investigation
C. Ashworth and G. Frisch
Journal of Solution Chemistry 46, 1928-1940 (2017) read online 

Crystal structures of sodium magnesium selenate deca­hydrate, Na2Mg(SeO4)2·10H2O, a new selenate salt, and sodium magnesium selenate dihydrate, Na2Mg(SeO4)2·2H2O
S. Kamburov, H. Schmidt, W. Voigt and C. Balarew
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry 73, 582-587 (2017) read online 

Solubility Equilibria in the System Mg(OH)2–MgCl2–H2O from 298 to 393 K 
M. Pannach, S. Bette and D. Freyer
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 62, 1384–1396 (2017) read online 

Lithium recovery from challenging deposits: Zinnwaldite and magnesium-rich salt lake brines [Lithiumgewinnung aus anspruchsvollen Lagerstätten: Zinnwaldit und magnesiumreiche Salzseen]
M. Bertau, W. Voigt, A. Schneider and G. Martin
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 89, 64-81 (2017) read online (open access) 

Phase formation and solubilities in the ternary system Ni(OH)2-NiCl2-H2O at 25 and 200°C
S. Bette, M. Pannach, R.E. Dinnebier and D. Freyer
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2017, 1488-1497 (2017) read online

Complexation and redox behaviour of metal ions in ionic liquids 
In Electrodeposition from ionic liquids, F.E. Endres, A. Abbot and D. MacFarlane, 137-151 
G. Frisch and J. Hartley
(Wiley-VCH, 2017) read online

Lithium extraction from the mineral zinnwaldite: Part I: Effect of thermal treatment on properties and structure of zinnwaldite 
A. Schneider, H. Schmidt, M. Meven, E. Brendler, J. Kirchner, G. Martin, M. Bertau and W. Voigt 
Minerals Engineering 111, 55-67 (2017) read online 

Lithium extraction from the mineral zinnwaldite: Part II: Lithium carbonate recovery by direct carbonation of sintered zinnwaldite concentrate
G. Martin, A. Schneider, W. Voigt and M. Bertau
Minerals Engineering 110, 75-81 (2017) read online

Rebuttal of the existence of solid rare earth bicarbonates and the crystal structure of holmium nitrate pentahydrate
Ch. Rincke, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 643, 437-442 (2017) read online

IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 104. Lithium sulfate and its double salts in aqueous solutions
J. Sohr, W. Voigt and D. Zeng
Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 46, 023101-1-023101-221 (2017) read online

 

2016

Bis(tri­ethyl­ammonium) tetra­bromido­zincate
G. A. Seck, A. Sene, L. Diop and H. Schmidt
IUCrData 1, x161317 (2016) read online (open access)

Ni3Cl2+x(OH)4-x·2H2O: Structural, thermal, spectral, and magnetic properties in dependence of the chloride content
S. Bette, R.E. Dinnebier, R.K. Kremer and D. Freyer
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2016, 1875-1885 (2016) read online

Crystal structure and hydrate water content of synthetic hellyerite, NiCO3·5.5H2O
S. Bette, Ch. Rincke, R.E. Dinnebier and W. Voigt
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 642, 652-659 (2016) read online

Neuartiger Verfahrensansatz zur Gewinnung von Lithiumcarbonat aus Zinnwaldit
G. Martin, A. Schneider, A. Müller, W. Voigt and M. Bertau
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 88, 1382 (2016) read online

Modifizierte Rotschlamm-Granulate zur adsorptiven Entfernung von Schwermetallen und Phosphat aus wässrigen Systemen
H. Schmidt, S. Hippmann, M. Bertau and W. Voigt
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 88, 1323 (2016) read online

The structure of [M(H2O)6][LiFeIII(ox)3] (M=MnII, FeII) - A heterobimetallic 2-D tris(oxalato) framework compound
A. Schneider, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Journal of Coordination Chemistry 69, 365-374 (2016) read online

Isopiestic measurements on aqueous solutions of heavy metal sulfates: MSO4 + H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). 2. T = 373.15 K
H. Yang, D. Zeng, W. Voigt, Y. Chen and Q. Zhou
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 61, 3406-3412 (2016) read online

Isopiestic measurements of water activity for the Li2SO4-MgSO4-H2O System at 323.15 and 373.15 K
H. Yang, D. Zeng, Q. Wang, Y. Chen and W. Voigt
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 61, 3157-3162 (2016) read online

Ionic liquid, glass or crystalline solid? Structures and thermal behaviour of (C4mim)2CuCl3
P. Zürner, H. Schmidt, S. Bette, J. Wagler and G. Frisch 
Dalton Transactions 45, 3327-3333 (2016) read online

 

2015

Zusammenhang von Chemismus und mechanischen Eigenschaften des MgO-Baustoffs
D. Freyer, M. Gruner and T. Popp
Freiberger Forschungshefte E15 Naturwissenschaften (2015) 

Anodic dissolution of metals in ionic liquids
A.P. Abbott, G. Frisch, J. Hartley, W.O. Karim and K.S. Ryder
Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 25, 595-602 (2015) read online (open access)

Electrocatalytic recovery of elements from complex mixtures using deep eutectic solvents
A.P. Abbott, R.C. Harris, F. Holyoak, G. Frisch, J. Hartley and G.R.T. Jenkin
Green Chemistry 17, 2172-2179 (2015) read online

Electrochemistry and speciation of Au+ in a deep eutectic solvent: growth and morphology of galvanic immersion coatings
A.D. Ballantyne, G.C.H. Forrest, G. Frisch, J. Hartley and K.S. Ryder
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, 30540-30550 (2015) read online

Using Wikis in teaching and research [Einsatz von Wikis in Lehre und Forschung]
A. Bergert, C. Forman, G. Frisch and D. Geburek
(2015) read online (open access)

A solid solution series of atacamite type Ni2xMg2-2xCl(OH)3
S. Bette, R.E. Dinnebier, C. Röder and D. Freyer
Journal of Solid State Chemistry 228, 131-140 (2015) read online

Structure solution and refinement of stacking-faulted NiCl(OH)
S. Bette, R.E. Dinnebier and D. Freyer
Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, 1706-1718 (2015) read online

Nickel bicarbonate revealed as a basic carbonate
Ch. Rincke, S. Bette, R.E. Dinnebier and W. Voigt
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2015, 5913-5920 (2015) read online

What we know and still not know about oceanic salts
W. Voigt
Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, 1099-1126 (2015) read online

 

2014

Speciation, physical and electrolytic properties of eutectic mixtures based on CrCl3·6H2O and urea
A.P. Abbott, A.A. Al-Barzinjy, P.D. Abbott, G. Frisch, R.C. Harris, J. Hartley and K.S. Ryder
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 16, 9047-9055 (2014) read online

Ni3Cl2.1(OH)3.9·4H2O, the Ni analogue to Mg3Cl2(OH)4·4H2O
S. Bette, R.E. Dinnebier and D. Freyer
Inorganic Chemistry 53, 4316-4324 (2014) read online

EXAFS study into the speciation of metal salts dissolved in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents
J. Hartley, C.-M. Ip, G.C.H. Forrest, K. Singh, S.J. Gurman, K.S. Ryder, A.P. Abbott and G. Frisch
Inorganic Chemistry 53, 6280-6288 (2014) read online

Crystal structures of hydrates of simple inorganic salts. II. Water-rich calcium bromide and iodide hydrates: CaBr2·9H2O, CaI2·8H2O, CaI2·7H2O and CaI2·6.5H2O
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt, H. and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry 70, 876-881 (2014) read online

Crystal structure of iron(III) perchlorate nonahydrate
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online 70, 477-479 (2014) read online

Crystal structures of ZnCl2·2.5H2O, ZnCl2·3H2O and ZnCl2·4.5H2O
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online 70, 515-518 (2014) read online

Crystal structures of Sr(ClO4)2·3H2O, Sr(ClO4)2·4H2O and Sr(ClO4)2·9H2O
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online 70, 510-514 (2014) read online

Crystal structures of Ca(ClO4)2·4H2O and Ca(ClO4)2·6H2O
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online 70, 489-493 (2014) read online

Crystal structure of tin(IV) chloride octahydrate
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online 70, 480-482 (2014) read online

Crystal structure of tin(II) perchlorate trihydrate
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt, M. Köhler and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online 70, 474-476 (2014) read online

Similarities and peculiarities between the crystal structures of the hydrates of sodium sulfate and selenate
S. Kamburov, H. Schmidt, W. Voigt and Ch. Balarew
Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 70, 714-722 (2014) read online

Dehydration of the sorel cement phase 3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O studied by in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analyses
T. Runčevski, R.E. Dinnebier and D. Freyer
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 640, 100-105 (2014) read online

Crystal structures of hydrates of simple inorganic salts. III. Water-rich aluminium halide hydrates: AlCl3·15H2O, AlBr3·15H2O, AlI3·15H2O, AlI3·17H2O and AlBr3·9H2O
H. Schmidt, E. Hennings and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry 70, 882-888 (2014) read online

Lithiumgewinnung aus Primärrohstoffen - Stand und Perspektiven
In Strategische Rohstoffe - Risikovorsorge, P. Kausch, M. Bertau, J. Gutzmer and J. Matschullat, 75-95 
W. Voigt
(Springer Spektrum, 2014) read online

Isopiestic measurements on aqueous solutions of heavy metal sulfates: MSO4 + H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). 1. T = 323.15 K
H. Yang, D. Zeng, W. Voigt, G. Hefter, S. Liu and Q. Chen
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 59, 97-102 (2014) read online

 

2013

Ligand exchange in ionic systems and its effect on silver nucleation and growth
A.P. Abbott, M. Azam, G. Frisch, J. Hartley, K.S. Ryder and S. Saleem
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, 17314-17323 (2013) read online

Electroplating using ionic liquids
A.P. Abbott, G. Frisch and K.S. Ryder 
Annual Review of Materials Research 43, 335-358 (2013) read online

Ionometallurgy: Processing of metals using ionic liquids
In Element Recovery and Sustainability A. Hunt, 59-79
A.P. Abbott and G. Frisch
(RSC Green Chemistry, 2013) read online 

3Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·8H2O: A metastable phase in the system Mg(OH)2-MgSO4-H2O
R.E. Dinnebier, M. Pannach and D. Freyer
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 639, 1827-1833 (2013) read online

Crystal structures of hydrates of simple inorganic salts. I. Water-rich magnesium halide hydrates MgCl2·8H2O, MgCl2·12H2O, MgBr2·6H2O, MgBr2·9H2O, MgI2·8H2O and MgI2·9H2O
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications 69, 1292-1300 (2013) read online

Freezing temperatures of aqueous iron(III) sulfate solutions and crystallization of a new acidic water-rich sulfate
E. Hennings, P. Zürner, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Icarus 226, 268-271 (2013) read online

Freezing and hydrate formation in aqueous sodium perchlorate solutions
E. Hennings, J. Heinz, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 639, 922-927 (2013) read online

Fe2(SO4)3.H2SO4.28H2O, a low-temperature water-rich iron(III) sulfate
H. Schmidt, E. Hennings, P. Zürner and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications 69, 330-333 (2013) read online

Hydrophobizing of gypsum by silanes (Part 1) [Hydrophobierung von Gips durch Silane (Teil 1)]
A. Winkler, S. Fritz, T. Aberle, D. Freyer and W. Voigt
ZKG International 66, 72-78 (2013) read online

Hydrophobizing of gypsum by silanes (Part 2) [Hydrophobierung von Gips durch Silane (Teil 2)]
A. Winkler, S. Fritz, T. Aberle, D. Freyer and W. Voigt
ZKG International 9, xx-yy (2013) read online

 

2012

The electrodeposition of silver composites using deep eutectic solvents
A.P. Abbott, K.E. Ttaib, G. Frisch, K.S. Ryder and D. Weston
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14, 2443-2449 (2012) read online

2Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·2H2O and 2Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·4H2O, two high temperature phases of the magnesia cement system
R.E. Dinnebier, M. Oestreich, M. S. Bette and D. Freyer
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 638, 628-633 (2012) read online

NEA-TDB Chemical Thermodynamics, Vol 12: Chemical thermodynamics of tin
H. Gamsjäger, T. Gajda, J. Sangster, S. Saxena and W. Voigt
(OECD, 2012) read online (open access)

Non-destructive, safe removal of conductive metal coatings from fossils: A new solution
D. Jones, J. Hartley, G. Frisch, M. Purnell and L. Darras
Palaeontologia Electronica 15, (2012) read online (open access)

Erratum: Water channel structure of bassanite at high air humidity: Crystal structure of CaSO4·0.625H2O (Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science (2011) B67 (467-475))
H. Schmidt, I. Paschke, D. Freyer and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science 68, 92 (2012) read online (open access)

New iron(III) nitrate hydrates: Fe(NO3)3 xH2O with x = 4, 5 and 6
H. Schmidt, A. Asztalos, F. Bok and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications 68, (2012) read online

Magnesium chloride tetra-hydrate, MgCl2·4H2O
H. Schmidt, E. Hennings and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications 68, (2012) read online

Thermodynamic modeling of salt-water systems up to saturation concentrations based on solute speciation: CuCl2-MCln-H2O at 298K (M=Li, Mg, Ca)
Q. Zhou, D. Zeng and W. Voigt
Fluid Phase Equilibria 322-323, 30-40 (2012) read online

 

2011

Ionic liquids form ideal solutions
A.P. Abbott, G. Frisch, H. Garrett and J. Hartley
Chemical Communications 47, 11876-11878 (2011) read online

Ionometallurgy: Designer redox properties for metal processing
A.P. Abbott, G. Frisch, S.J. Gurman, A.R. Hillman, J. Hartley, F. Holyoak and K.S. Ryder
Chemical Communications 47, 10031-10033 (2011) read online

Double layer effects on metal nucleation in deep eutectic solvents
A.P. Abbott, J.C. Barron, G. Frisch, S. Gurman, K.S. Ryder and A.F. Silva
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13, 10224-10231 (2011) read online

The effect of additives on zinc electrodeposition from deep eutectic solvents
A.P. Abbott, J.C. Barron, G. Frisch, K.S. Ryder and A.F. Silva
Electrochimica Acta 56, 5272-5279 (2011) read online

Processing of metals and metal oxides using ionic liquids
A.P. Abbott, G. Frisch, J. Hartley and K.S. Ryder
Green Chemistry 13, 471-481 (2011) read online

The crystal structures of two anhydrous magnesium hydroxychloride phases from in situ synchrotron powder diffraction data
R.E. Dinnebier, I. Halasz, D. Freyer and J.C. Hanson
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 637, 1458-1462 (2011) read online

CaSeO4·0.625H2O - Water channel occupation in a bassanite related structure
S. Fritz, H. Schmidt, I. Paschke, O.V. Magdysyuk, R.E. Dinnebier, D. Freyer and W. Voigt
Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science 67, 293-301 (2011) read online

Structure and thermal properties of lithium cyanate
E. Hennings, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 637, 1199-1202 (2011) read online

Water channel structure of bassanite at high air humidity: Crystal structure of CaSO4·0.625H2O
H. Schmidt, I. Paschke, D. Freyer and W. Voigt, W.
Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science 67, 467-475 (2011) read online

Chemistry of salts in aqueous solutions: Applications, experiments, and theory
W. Voigt
Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, 1015-1030 (2011) read online

 

2010

9Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·4H2O, a high temperature phase of the magnesia binder system
R.E. Dinnebier, D. Freyer, S. Bette and M. Oestreich
Inorganic Chemistry 49, 9770-9776 (2010) read online

Solid-liquid phase equilibria in the system K2SO4-MgSO4-H2O at 318 K
G. Wollmann and W. Voigt
Fluid Phase Equilibria 291, 151-153 (2010) read online

Solid-liquid phase equilibria in the systems K2SO4-MSO4-H2O (M = Co, Ni, Cu) from ambient to enhanced temperatures
G. Wollmann and W. Voigt
Fluid Phase Equilibria 291, 154-158 (2010) read online

Solid-liquid phase equilibria in the system K2SO4-MnSO4-H2O at 298 K and 313 K
G. Wollmann and W. Voigt
Fluid Phase Equilibria 291, 76-80 (2010) read online

 

2009

Electrolytic metal coatings and metal finishing using ionic liquids
A.P. Abbott, J.C. Barron, M. Elhadi, G. Frisch, S.J. Gurman, A.R. Hillman, E.L. Smith, M.A. Mohamoud and K.S. Ryder
ECS Transactions 16, 47-63 (2009) read online

Electrodeposition of copper composites from deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride
A.P. Abbott, K. El Ttaib, G. Frisch, K.J. McKenzie and K.S. Ryder
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 11, 4269-4277 (2009) read online

Can mixtures of α- and β-hemihydrates be quantified by means of thermoanalysis? [Können Gemische aus α- Und β-Halbhydrat mittels Thermoanalyse quantifiziert werden?]
D. Freyer and W. Voigt
ZKG International 62, 47-53 (2009) read online 

Lithium carnallite, LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O
H. Schmidt, B. Euler, W. Voigt and G. Heide
Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications 65, (2009) read online

Heat of solution of polyhalite and its analogues at T = 298.15 K
G. Wollmann, J. Seidel and W. Voigt
Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 41, 484-488 (2009) read online

 

2008

Metal complexation in ionic liquids
A.P. Abbott, G. Frisch and K.S. Ryder
Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry - Section A 104, 21-45 (2008) read online

THEREDA - A contribution to long-term safety of repositories of nuclear and non-nuclear wastes [THEREDA - Ein Beitrag zur Langzeitsicherheit von Endlagern nuklearer und nichtnuklearer Abfälle]
M. Altmaier, V. Brendler, S. Hagemann, H.-J. Herbert, B. Kienzler, C.M. Marquardt, H.C. Moog, V. Neck, A. Richter, W. Voigt and S. Wilhelm
ATW - Internationale Zeitschrift für Kernenergie 53, 249-253 (2008)

Crystal structure and thermal properties of a new double salt: K2SiF6KNO3
Ch. Rissom, H. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Crystal Research and Technology 43, 74-82 (2008) read online

Polyhalite and its analogous triple salts
G. Wollmann, D. Freyer and W. Voigt
Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 139, 739-745 (2008) read online

Solubility of gypsum in MSO4 solutions (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) at 298.15 K and 313.15 K
G. Wollmann and W. Voigt.
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 53, 1375-1380 (2008) read online

Thermodynamic study of the system (LiCl + CaCl2 + H2O)
D. Zeng, W. Xu, W. Voigt and X. Yin
Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 40, 1157-1165 (2008) read online

Thermodynamic study of the system (LiCl + LiNO3 + H2O)
D. Zeng, J. Ming and W. Voigt
Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 40, 232-239 (2008) read online

 

2007

The effect of retarders on the setting process in industrially relevant hemihydrate gypsum plasters [Zur Wirkung von Verzögerern auf den Abbindeprozess von technisch relevanten Stuckgipsen]
J. Schneider, D. Freyer and W. Voigt
ZKG International 60, 68-76 (2007) 

Solubility of inorganic salts and their industrial importance
In Developments and applications in solubility - Theory, techniques and results, T.M. Letcher, 390-406
W. Voigt
(RSC-Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 2007) read online

Quality assurance in thermodynamic databases for performance assessment studies in waste disposal
W. Voigt, V. Brendler, K. Marsh, R. Rarey, H. Wanner, M. Gaune-Escard, P. Cloke, Th. Vercouter, E. Bastrakov and S. Hagemann
Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, 883-894 (2007) read online

Thermodynamic consistency of solubility and vapor pressure of a binary saturated salt + water system. II. CaCl2 + H2O
D. Zeng, H. Zhou and W. Voigt
Fluid Phase Equilibria 253, 1-11 (2007) read online

 

2006

Zur thermischen Stabilität von Tachhydrit und Carnallit
D. Freyer, W. Voigt and V. Böttge
Kali Steinsalz 1, 28-37 (2006) read online (open access)

 

2005

K5[FeO4] and K17[Fe5O16]: Two new potassium oxoferrates(III) [K5[FeO4] und K17[Fe5O16]: Zwei neue Kalium-Oxoferrate(III)]
G. Frisch and C. Röhr
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung - Section B Journal of Chemical Sciences 60, 1224-1230 (2005) read online (open access)

Missing links in known series: The oxoferrates(III) Rb8[Fe2O7], Rb6[Fe2O6], and K4[Fe2O5] [Fehlende Glieder bekannter Reihen: Die Oxoferrate(III) Rb8[Fe2O7], Rb6[Fe2O6], und K4[Fe2O5]
G. Frisch and C. Röhr
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung - Section B Journal of Chemical Sciences 60, 732-740 (2005) read online (open access)

New orthoferrates of rubidium and cesium: α-, β-Cs5[FeIIIO4] and A7I[FeIVO4][FeVO4] (AI = Rb, Cs) [Neue Orthoferrate von Rubidium und Caesium: α-, β-Cs5[FeIIIO4] and A7I[FeIVO4][FeVO4] (AI = Rb, Cs)]
G. Frisch and C. Röhr
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 631, 507-517 (2005) read online

Cs6[Fe2O6] and Rb4[Fe2O5]: New oxoferrates(III) with edge sharing FeO4 tetrahedra
G. Frisch and C. Röhr
Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 220, 135-141 (2005) read online

Thermal characteristics of solid-solid phase transitions in long-chain dialkyl ammonium salts
S. Steinert, W. Voigt, R. Glausch and M. Neuschütz
Thermochimica Acta 435, 28-33 (2005) read online

 

2004

The measurement of sulfate mineral solubilities in the Na-K-Ca-Cl-SO4-H2O system at temperatures of 100, 150 and 200°C
D. Freyer and W. Voigt
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68, 307-318 (2004) read online

A5[Fe3O6] (A = Rb, Cs), Cs[FeO2] and Cs8[Fe2O7]: New oxoferrates of the heavy alkaline metals [A5[Fe3O6] (A = Rb, Cs), Cs[FeO2] und Cs8[Fe2O7]: Neue Oxoferrate der schweren Alkalimetalle]
G. Frisch and C. Röhr
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung - Section B Journal of Chemical Sciences 59, 771-781 (2004) read online (open access)

 

2003

Crystallization and phase stability of CaSO4 and CaSO4 - Based Salts
D. Freyer and W. Voigt
Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 134, 693-719 (2003) read online

Alkaline metal stannide-stannates: 'Double salts' with Zintl Sn44- and stannate SnO34- anions
G. Frisch, C. Hoch, C. Röhr, P. Zönnchen, K.-D. Becker and D. Niemeier
Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 629, 1661-1672 (2003) read online

The effect of additives on the crystalline morphology of alpha calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate: Experimental findings and molecular simulations [Die Wirkung von Additiven auf den Kristallhabitus von Alpha-Calciumsulfat-Hemihydrat - Experimentelle Befunde und molekulare Simulationen]
H.-U. Hummel, D. Freyer, J. Schneider and W. Voigt
ZKG International 56, 61-69 (2003) 

Phase diagram calculation of molten salt hydrates using the modified BET equation
D. Zeng and W. Voigt
Calphad: Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry 27, 243-251 (2003) read online

 

2002

Thermoanalytische und FT-ramanspektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Bildung und Umwandlung von CaSO4-Halbhydraten
D. Freyer, S. Ziske and W. Voigt
Freiberger Forschungshefte E3 Naturwissenschaften 127-136 (2002) 

Environmental-SEM - Eine neue Möglichkeit für insitu-Untersuchungen
B. Ullrich and W. Voigt
Freiberger Forschungshefte E3 Naturwissenschaften 17-29 (2002) 

Solid-liquid equilibria in mixtures of molten salt hydrates for the design of heat storage materials
W. Voigt and D. Zeng
Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, 1909-1920 (2002) read online

High-Throughput-Techniken in der Kristallisationsforschung
W. Voigt, C. Rudolph and D. Zeng
Freiberger Forschungshefte E3 Naturwissenschaften 169-182 (2002)

 

2001

Solubility and crystallization in the system MgCl2-MgSO4-H2O at 50 and 75°C
Ch. Balarew, S. Tepavitcharova, D. Rabadjieva and W. Voigt
Journal of Solution Chemistry 30, 815-823 (2001) read online

Vergleichende Strukturuntersuchungen an Cellulose
S. Fischer, E. Brendler, K. Fischer, St. Spange, K. Schenzel, I. Schmidt and W. Voigt
Das Papier 9-14 (2001) 

Solubility equilibria in multicomponent oceanic salt systems from t = 0 to 200°C. Model parameterization and databases
W. Voigt
Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, 831-844 (2001) read online

 

2000

Crystallization sequence of brines-geometrical principles for a computer assisted calculation
R. Cohen-Adad, M.-T. Cohen-Adad, Ch. Balarew, S.Tepavitcharova, W. Voigt, L. Zayani, D.B. Hassen-Chehimi and S. Mançour-Billah
Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 131, 25-37 (2000) read online

Dissolution and formation of polyacrylonitrile in low-temperature molten salts
K. Hettrich, S. Fischer, E. Brendler and W. Voigt
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 77, 2113-2117 (2000) read online

Structural changes of cellulose dissolved in molten salt hydrates
H. Leipner, S. Fischer, E. Brendler and W. Voigt
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 201, 2041-2049 (2000) read online

 

Vor 2000

The behaviour of cellulose in hydrated melts of the composition LiX·nH2O (X = I-, NO-3, CH3COO-, CIO-4)
S. Fischer, W. Voigt and K. Fischer
Cellulose 6, 213-219 (1999) read online

Molten inorganic salt hydrates as cellulose solvents
S. Fischer, H. Leipner, E. Brendler, W. Voigt and K. Fischer
ACS Symposium Series 737, 143-150 (1999) read online

Thermal behaviour and crystal structure of sodium-containing hemihydrates of calcium sulfate
D. Freyer, G. Reck, M. Bremer and W. Voigt
Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 130, 1179-1193 (1999) read online

Modellierung der Löslichkeiten in Multikomponenten-Salzlösungen
W. Voigt
Freiberger Forschungshefte A853, 5-36 (1999) 

The phase diagram of the system Na2SO4 - CaSO4
D. Freyer, W. Voigt and K. Köhnke
European Journal of Solid State and Inorganic Chemistry 35, 595-606 (1998) read online

Formation of double salt hydrates I. Hydration of quenched Na2SO4-CaSO4 phases
D. Freyer, S. Fischer, K. Köhnke and W. Voigt
Solid State Ionics 96, 29-33 (1997) read online

Isopiestic measurements at high temperatures: III. The ternary system KCl-MgCl2-H2O at 155°C
V. Brendler and W. Voigt
Journal of Solution Chemistry 25, 83-93 (1996) read online

The thermal decomposition of polyhalite K2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O
S. Fischer, W. Voigt and K. Köhnke
Crystal Research and Technology 31, 87-92 (1996) read online

Vapor pressure of highly concentrated aqueous calcium chloride solutions (3.8-25) mol kg-1 at temperatures from 373 to 523 K
F.P. Hoffmann and W. Voigt
ELDATA, Int. Electron. J. Phys.-Chem-Data 2, 31-36 (1996) 

Isopiestic measurements at high temperature: II. The ternary system LiCl-MgCl2-H2O at 155°C
V. Brendler and W. Voigt
Journal of Solution Chemistry 24, 917-924 (1995) read online

Isopiestic measurements at high temperatures: I. Aqueous solutions of LiCl, CsCl, and CaCl2 at 155°C
V. Brendler and W. Voigt
Journal of Solution Chemistry 23, 1061-1072 (1994) read online

Melting of Tutton's salts studied by DSC
W. Voigt and S. Göring
Thermochimica Acta 237, 13-26 (1994) read online

Calculation of salt activities in molten salt hydrates applying the modified BET equation, I: Binary systems
W. Voigt
Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 124, 839-848 (1993) read online

Thermodynamics of aqueous reciprocal salt systems. VI. Isopiestic determination of osmotic coefficients in mixtures of chlorides, bromides and nitrates of lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium at 100.3°C
T. Fanghänel, K. Grjotheim, W. Voigt and V. Brendler
Acta Chemica Scandinavica 46, 423-431 (1992) read online (open access)

Thermodynamics of aqueous reciprocal salt systems. V. Isopiestic determination of osmotic and activity coefficients of the system Mg2+, K+ / Cl-, Br- // H2O at 100.3°C
T. Fanghänel, K. Grjotheim, B. Haugsdal and W. Voigt
Acta Chemica Scandinavica 45, 30-36 (1991) read online (open access)

Thermal analysis and Raman spectroscopic measurements on the scandium iodide-cesium iodide system
M.M. Metallinou, L. Nalbandian, G.N. Papatheodorou, W. Voigt and H.H. Emons
Inorganic Chemistry 30, 4260-7264 (1991) read online

Thermodynamics of reciprocal salt systems. III. Isopiestic determination of the osmotic and activity coefficients of the system Li+, Na+ // Cl-, NO3- -- H2O at 100.3°C.
W. Voigt, B. Haugsdal and K. Grjotheim
Acta Chemica Scandinavica 44, 311-316 (1990) read online (open access)

Thermodynamics of aqueous reciprocal salt systems. II. Isopiestic determination of the osmotic and activity coefficients in LiNO3--NaBr--H2O and LiBr--NaNO3--H2O at 100.3°C
W. Voigt, A. Dittrich, B. Haugsdal and K. Grjotheim
Acta Chemica Scandinavica 44, 12-17 (1990) read online (open access)

Isopiestic determination of osmotic coefficients at 100 °C by means of a simple apparatus.
K. Grjotheim, W. Voigt, B. Haugsdal and A. Dittrich
Acta Chemica Scandinavica 42A, 470-476 (1988) read online (open access)

Properties of solutions in the system MgCl2-H2O in a wide range of temperature and concentration (in Russian)
V.M. Valyashko, M.A. Urusova, W. Voigt and H.H. Emons
Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii 33, 228 (1988) 

Solid-liquid-phase equilibria in the system KCl-MgCl2-H2O at elevated temperatures. I. The binary system MgCl2-H2O at 130–250°C
T. Fanghänel, K. Kravchuk, W. Voigt and H.H. Emons
ZAAC ‐ Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry 547, 21-26 (1987) read online

Enthalpy of mixing of hydrated melts. II. Evidence for an endothermic step in the chlorocomplex formation of zinc
H.H. Emons, W. Voigt, G. Wolf and D. Gruette
Journal of Solution Chemistry 15, 717-725 (1986) read online

The application of glauber salt in a new type of a latent heat storage unit
H.H. Emons, R. Naumann, W. Voigt, W. Stocklöw and W. Ahrens
International Journal of Energy Research 10, 69-74 (1986) read online

Dampfdruckmessungen am System Magnesiumchlorid-Wasser
H.H. Emons, W. Voigt and F.-W. Wollny
Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Leipzig 267, 1-8 (1986) 

Salzhydratschmelzen - ein Bindeglied zwischen Elektrolytlösungen und Salzschmelzen
H.H. Emons, T. Fanghänel and W. Voigt
Sitzungsberichte AdW DDR, Mathematisch-Technisch-Naturwissenschaftlich, Akademieverlag Berlin 3N, (1986) 

Apparatur zur Bestimmung von Fest-Flüssig-Gleichgewichten in hochkonzentrierten Salz-Wasser-Systemen
T. Fanghänel, H.H. Emons and W. Voigt
Freiberger Forschungshefte A726, 60-61 (1986) 

Thermodynamics of aqueous reciprocal salt systems. I. Relationships between the thermodynamic behaviour of molten and aqueous mixtures
K. Grjotheim and W. Voigt
Acta Chemica Scandinavica 40A, 91-102 (1986) read online (open access)

Dynamischer Latentwärmespeicher GLS 30
W. Stocklöw, W. Ahrens, H.H. Emons, R. Naumann and W. Voigt
Heizung, Lüftung, Haustechnik 5, 247 (1986) 

Raman spectroscopic evidence for cation-anion contact in molten hydrates of magnesium chloride
W. Voigt and P. Klæboe
Acta Chemica Scandinavica 40A, 354-357 (1986) read online (open access)

Zur Bestimmung von Fest-Flüssig-Gleichgewichten in hochkonzentrierten Salz-Wasser-Systemen bei Temperaturen bis 250°C
W. Voigt, T. Fanghänel and H.H. Emons
Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Leipzig 3, 522-528 (1985) 

On the calculation of activity coefficients of electrolyte solutions from vapour pressure data up to high temperatures and concentrations. The system MgCl2 + H2O
H.H. Emons, W. Voigt and F.-W. Wollny
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 180, 57-65 (1984) read online

On the thermodynamic characteristics of water in hydrated melts of magnesium chloride
H.H. Emons, W. Voigt and F.-W. Wollny
Proceedings - The Electrochemical Society 84-2, 377-391 (1984) 

Enthalpy of mixing of hydrated melts I: The system (ZnCl2.4H2O)-(LiCl.4H2O)
H.H. Emons, W. Voigt and G. Wolf
Journal of Solution Chemistry 12, 855-860 (1983) read online

On the thermodynamic characteristics of water in hydrated melts of magnesium chloride.
H.H. Emons, W. Voigt and F.-W. Wollny
Electrochemical Society Extended Abstracts 83-1, 1137 (1983) 

Zur Chemie geschmolzener Salze
H.H. Emons, W. Horlbeck and W. Voigt
Mitteilungen der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR 29, 2-9 (1982) 

Zur Chemie geschmolzener Salze
H.H. Emons and W. Voigt
Sitzungsberichte AdW DDR, Mathematisch-Technisch-Naturwissenschaftlich, Akademieverlag Berlin 15N, (1981) 

Geschmolzene Salze - vielseitig anwendbar
H.H. Emons and W. Voigt
WiFo 30, 289-291 (1980) 

Geschmolzene Salze - Struktur und Eigenschaften
H.H. Emons and W. Voigt
WiFo 30, 259-262 (1980) 

EMK-Messungen mit Bromelektroden an Konzentrationsketten der geschmolzenen Mischungen Alkalimetallbromid‐Erdalkalimetallbromid
W. Voigt, H.H. Emons and G. Bräutigam
ZAAC - Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry 443, 159-168 (1978) read online

Elektrische Transporteigenschaften geschmolzener binärer Mischungen Alkalimetallbromid – Erdalkalimetallbromid
W. Voigt, H.H. Emons, G. Bräutigam and M. Bösel
ZAAC - Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry 443, 169-174 (1978) read online

 

Patente

Verfahren zur sequentiellen Extraktion von Zink, Eisen, Indium und Zinn aus mit Oxalsäure haltigen, tief eutektischen Lösungsmitteln gelaugten primären und sekundären Rohstoffen.
P. Zürner, G. Frisch. G. Pieplow
Ger. Appl. 2019 DE102019101541.3  

Process for the production of highly pure aminoalkylene phosphonic acids. 
W. Voigt, A. Winkler, T. Kreher, S. Liebsch and C. Rudolph
Ger. Offen. 2015 DE102014210378A1 

Building material mix for producing magnesia concrete 
D. Freyer, M. Gruner and U. Priestel Ger. Offen. 2011 DE102010024974A1

Method for decreasing magnesium and increasing lithium content of brines. 
W. Voigt, J. T. Claros Jimenez, H. Rizzo Morales and L. Ferrufino Terceros
PCT Int. Appl. 2011 WO2011138389A1
Ger. Offen. 2011 DE102010019554A1

Preparation of mono and dinitro aromatics. 
W. Mackenroth, J. Buettner, E. Stroefer, W. Voigt and F. Bok
PCT Int. Appl. 2010 WO2010097453A1

Method and device for the solar evaporation of salt solutions. 
W. Voigt, G. Heide, J. Schmitt, C. Beltz, A. Hertam, J. T. Claros Jimenez, H. Rizzo Morales, G. Manrique and L. Ferrufino Terceros
Ger. Offen 2010 DE102009006668A1

Heat-storage means. 
R. Glausch, M. Neuschuetz, W. Voigt and C. Rudolph
PCT Int. Appl. 2003 WO2003095584A1

Heat storage using sodium acetate trihydrate as phase change material. 
R. Glausch, M. Neuschuetz, W. Voigt and C. Rudolph
PCT Int. Appl. 2003 WO2003012002A2

Latent heat storage with nondecomposing molten substances. 
W. Ahrens, R. Naumann, H.H. Emons, W. Voigt, U. Seltmann and T. Noack
Ger. (East) 1986 DD236862A3

Highly efficient heat storage material. 
W. Ahrens, T. Noack, H.H. Emons, R. Naumann, W. Voigt and U. Seltmann
Ger. (East) 1985 DD225857A3

Potassium chloride from carnallite. 
H.H. Emons and W. Voigt
Ger. (East) 1985 DD222272A1